Environmental Impact of Cadmium in a Volcanic Archipelago: Research Challenges Related to a Natural Pollution Source

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal particularly susceptible to mobilization by anthropogenic and natural processes. The volcanic nature of oceanic islands in the Macaronesia geographical region such as Azores archipelago, located near Mid-Atlantic Ridge, reflected deep-sea shallow-water hydrothermal activities that release metals Cd seawater, affecting marine organisms integrating food webs. In this paper, thorough systematic review all studies performed on coastal species focusing was conducted, specifically considering Azorean geological setting socioeconomic context. Present results are compared discussed with data from Mediterranean, apparent strong pollution. seem be accumulators, displaying high levels should closely monitored, reflecting an important local source not underestimated; especially consumption rates some these organisms, which may lead potential seafood safety issue. light findings, effects, impacts, future research challenges discussed, ecological public health perspective.